ʻO ka nūhou mining honua nui loa o 2023

ʻO nā mākeke metala a me nā koleke i ka manawa maikaʻi loa - ʻo ke kumukūʻai nickel, cobalt a me ka lithium i 2023 he koʻikoʻi akā ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻole ʻia. ʻO nā mea hana ʻāina laha ʻole, nā mea kiaʻi metala pūʻulu platinum, nā mea hahai i ka hao, a me nā pahu gula a me ke kālā no ia mea, ua ʻoi aku ka ʻino.

Ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā ʻoihana mining i ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā wai ʻino, akā ʻo ka pani paʻa ʻana o kekahi o nā mine keleawe nui loa e hana ʻia i loko o nā makahiki he hala i hala aku nei he mea hoʻomanaʻo nui i nā pilikia o waho o ka poʻe miners i mua a ma luna o ka mākeke.

Ua pani ʻo Panama i ka lua keleawe nunui

Ma hope o nā mahina o nā kūʻē a me ka hoʻoikaika politika, i ka hopena o Nowemapa ua kauoha ke aupuni Panama i ka pani ʻana i ka lua o ka First Quantum Minerals 'Cobre Panama mine ma hope o ka hoʻoholo ʻana a ka ʻAha Kiʻi e hoʻolaha i ka ʻaelike mining no ka hana.kū ʻole i ke kumukānāwai.

ʻO nā poʻe lehulehu e pili ana i ka mea hoʻoikaika kino ʻo Greta Thunberg a me ka mea hana HollywoodʻO Leonardo Di Capriokākoʻo i nā kūʻē akaʻana like wikiōe kāhea ana i ka "mega mine" e ho'ōki i nā hana, i hele koke i viral.

ʻO ka ʻōlelo hou a FQM i ka Pōʻalima, ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ke aupuni o Panama i kumu kānāwai i ka hui ʻo Vancouver noe hahai ana i ka papahana pani, he kumumanaʻo i ʻōlelo ʻia e ka ʻoihana ʻoihana o ka lāhui ʻAmelika waena e hōʻike wale ʻia i Iune o kēia makahiki.

FQMua waihoʻelua mau hoʻolaha no ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana no ka pani ʻana o ka lua, ʻaʻole i hana ʻia ma hope o ka poʻe kūʻēālai ʻia ke komo ʻana i kona awa hoʻounai ʻOkakopa. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻo ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana ka hopena i makemake ʻia e ka hui, wahi a CEO Tristan Pascall.

Ma hope o ka haunaele, ua ʻōlelo ʻo FQM e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka haʻi ʻana aku i ka waiwai o ka mine $10 biliona i ka lehulehu ākea, a i kēia manawa e hoʻonui i ka manawa e launa pū me nā Panamanians ma mua o ke koho balota aupuni i kēia makahiki. Ua piʻi aʻe nā ʻāpana FQM i ka pule i hala aku nei, akā ke kālepa mau nei ma mua o 50% ma lalo o ka hopena kiʻekiʻe i Iulai o kēia makahiki.

Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka deficit keleawe i manaʻo ʻia

ʻO ka pani ʻana o Cobre Panama a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka hana i manaʻo ʻole ʻia e koi ana i nā ʻoihana eli keleawe e hōʻemi i ka huahana ua ʻike i ka wehe koke ʻana ma kahi o 600,000 tons o ka lako i manaʻo ʻia, e hoʻoneʻe ana i ka mākeke mai kahi koena nui i manaʻo ʻia i ke kaulike, a i ʻole ka hemahema.

ʻO nā makahiki ʻelua e hiki mai ana i manaʻo ʻia he manawa nui no ke keleawe, mahalo i ke ʻano o nā papahana hou nui e hoʻomaka ana a puni ka honua.

ʻO ka manaʻolana ma ka hapa nui o ka ʻoihana no kahi koena ʻoluʻolu ma mua o ka paʻa hou ʻana o ka mākeke ma hope o kēia mau makahiki i ka wā e piʻi ai ka noinā kaʻa uilaaʻenehana ikehu houmanaʻo ʻia e hui pū me ka nele o nā mina hou.

Akā, ua hōʻike ka ʻoihana mining i ka hiki ʻole o ka lako - inā ma muli o ke kūʻē politika a me ka pilikanaka, ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hana hou, a i ʻole ka paʻakikī o kēlā me kēia lā o ka huki ʻana i nā pōhaku mai lalo o ka honua.

Hoʻoholo ʻia ke kumu kūʻai lithium ma ka piʻi ʻana o ka lako

Ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ke kumukūʻai o ka lithium i 2023, akā ʻo nā wānana no ka makahiki aʻe ua mamao loa mai ka rosy. Koi Lithium mainā kaʻa uilake ulu nei ka wikiwiki, akā ua hoʻonui ka pane lako i ka mākeke.

ʻO ka lako lithium honua, i kēia manawa, e lele i ka 40% i 2024, ʻōlelo ʻo UBS ma mua o kēia mahina, i ʻoi aku ma mua o 1.4 miliona tons o ka lithium carbonate like.

Hoʻopuka i nā mea hana kiʻekiʻe ʻo Australia aʻAmelika LatinaE piʻi ka 22% a me 29% i kēlā me kēia, ʻoiai ua manaʻo ʻia e pālua ʻia ma ʻApelika, e alakaʻi ʻia e nā papahana ma Zimbabwe, wahi a ka panakō.

E lele ana ka hana Kina i ka 40% i nā makahiki ʻelua e hiki mai ana, wahi a UBS, i alakaʻi ʻia e kahi papahana CATL nui ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Jiangxi.

Manaʻo ka waihona kālā e hāʻule ana nā kumukūʻai lithium carbonate Kina ma mua o 30% i ka makahiki e hiki mai ana, e emi ana ma lalo o 80,000 yuan ($14,800) no ka tonne i ka makahiki 2024, ma kahi o 100,000 yuan, e like me nā kumukūʻai hana ma Jiangxi, ka ʻāina hana nui o Kina. ka kemika.

Ke koi nui nei nā waiwai Lithium

I ʻOkakopa, ʻo Albemarle Corp.ua hele aku ia mai kona $4.2 biliona lawe ʻanao Liontown Resources Ltd., ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka wahine waiwai loa o Australia i kahi hapa liʻiliʻi a hoʻopau maikaʻi i kekahi o nā ʻoihana pākaukau nui loa a hiki i kēia lā.

No ka makemake e hoʻohui i nā lako hou, ua ʻimi ʻo Albemarle i kāna pahuhopu i hoʻokumu ʻia ma Perth no nā mahina, e nānā ana i kāna papahana ʻo Kathleen Valley - kekahi o nā waihona hoʻohiki maikaʻi loa o Australia. Ua ʻae ʻo Liontown i ka hāʻawi "maikaʻi loa a hope" a ka hui US no A$3 i ka ʻāpana i Kepakemapa - kahi kokoke i 100% premium i ke kumu kūʻai ma mua o ka hoʻolaha ʻia ʻana o ka hoihoi o Albemarle i ka lehulehu ma Malaki.

Pono ʻo Albemarle e hakakā me ka hōʻea ʻana mai o ka mea hoʻokele mining hakakā ʻo Gina Rinehart, ʻoiai ʻo kāna Hancock Prospecting.Ua kūkulu mau ʻia kahi 19.9% ​​stakema Liontown. I ka pule i hala aku nei, ua lilo ʻo ia i mea hoʻopukapuka nui loa, me ka nui o ka clout e hiki ai ke ālai i kahi koho balota ma ka ʻaelike.

I Kekemapa, ua hui pū ʻo SQM me Hancock Prospecting e hana i kahi makana ʻono A $ 1.7 biliona ($ 1.14 biliona) no ka mea hoʻomohala lithium Australia ʻo Azure Minerals, ʻōlelo nā ʻaoʻao ʻekolu i ka Pōʻalua.

Hāʻawi ka ʻaelike i ka SQM mea hana lithium no.2 o ka honua i kahi paʻa ma Australia me kahi kuleana ma Azure's Andover project a me kahi hui pū me Hancock, nona ka ʻoihana kaʻaahi a me ka ʻike kūloko i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mines.

ʻO Chile, Mexico ka mana o ka lithium

Ua hoʻolaha ka Pelekikena o Chile ʻo Gabriel Boric i ʻApelila e lawe mai kāna aupuni i ka ʻoihana lithium o ka ʻāina ma lalo o ka mana o ka mokuʻāina, e noi ana i kahi kumu hoʻohālike e hui pū ai ka mokuʻāina me nā hui e hiki ai i ka hoʻomohala kūloko.

ʻO kakulekele lōʻihi i kali ʻiai loko o ka honua ka lua o ka nui o ka mea hana i ka metala pila me ka hana ʻana i kahi hui lithium aupuni, wahi a Boricma ke kīwī aupuni.

Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Pelekikena Mekiko Andrés Manuel López Obrador i ka mahina ʻo Kepakemapa ke nānā ʻia nei ka ʻae ʻana o ka lithium o ka ʻāina, ma hope o ka Ganfeng o Kina i ka mahina i hala aku nei ua hoʻopau ʻia kāna ʻae ʻana o ka lithium Mekiko.

Ua hoʻolaha mua ʻo López Obrador i nā waihona lithium o Mexico ma mua o kēia makahiki a i ʻAukake, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Ganfeng, ua hoʻopuka nā luna eli o Mexico i kahi leka i kāna mau hui kūloko e hōʻike ana ua hoʻopau ʻia nā ʻeiwa o kāna mau ʻae.

E kūkulu ʻia ke gula ma ka makahiki hoʻopaʻa moʻolelo

ʻO ke kumukūʻai gula o New York i ka wā e hiki mai ana i hoʻonoho i kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Dekemaba a ʻike ʻia e ʻoi aku ma mua o ke kiʻekiʻe e hele ana i ka makahiki hou.

Ua hōʻea ke kumu kūʻai gula gula o Lākana i ka manawa kiʻekiʻe o $2,069.40 no kēlā me kēia troy auneke ma kahi kūʻai kūʻai ahiahi ma ka Pōʻakolu, ma mua o ka moʻolelo mua o $ 2,067.15 i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma ʻAukake 2020, ua ʻōlelo ka London Bullion Market Association (LBMA).

"ʻAʻole hiki iaʻu ke noʻonoʻo i kahi hōʻike maopopo loa o ke kuleana o ke gula ma ke ʻano he hale kūʻai waiwai ma mua o ka hoihoi a nā mea hoʻopukapuka ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa i huli i ka metala i ka wā o ka hoʻokele waiwai a me ka geopolitical turmoils hou," wahi a ka Luna Nui o LMBA ʻo Ruth Crowell.

Ua wānana ʻo JPMorgan i kahi moʻolelo hou i Iulai akā ua manaʻo ʻo ia e hiki mai ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma ka hapaha ʻelua o 2024. ʻO ke kumu o ka manaʻo maikaʻi o JPMorgan no 2024 - e hāʻule ana ka uku paneʻe US - mau nō.

"He awelika kumu kūʻai o ka panakō he $ 2,175 i hoʻokahi auneke no ka bullion i ka hapaha hope o 2024, me nā pilikia e piʻi i luna i kahi wānana no kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o US e hiki mai ana i kekahi manawa ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka Fed."

ʻOiai i ka piʻi ʻana o ke gula i nā piko hou, ua emi ka hoʻolimalima ʻana i ka metala makamae. ʻO kahi noiʻi i paʻi ʻia ma Nowemapa holoʻokoʻa nā kumukūʻai ʻimi mining i hāʻule i kēia makahiki no ka manawa mua mai 2020, e hāʻule ana 3% i $12.8 biliona ma nā hui 2,235 i hoʻokaʻawale i nā kālā e ʻimi a hoʻonui i nā waihona.

ʻOiai ke kumukūʻai gula ʻālohilohi, nā kālā ʻimi gula, ka mea i alakaʻi ʻia e ka ʻoihana mining junior ma mua o nā metala ʻē aʻe a i ʻole nā ​​​​minela ʻē aʻe, ua hāʻule e 16% a i ʻole $1.1 biliona makahiki i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma lalo o $ 6 biliona, e hōʻike ana i 46% o ka huina honua.

Ua emi mai ka 54% i ka makahiki 2022 ma waena o ka hoʻolimalima kiʻekiʻe ma ka lithium, nickel a me nā metala pākaukau ʻē aʻe, kahi piʻi o ka hoʻolimalima ʻana ma ka uranium a me nā honua ʻokoʻa a me ka uptick no ke keleawe.

ʻO ka makahiki Mining o M&A, spin-offs, IPOs, a me SPAC deals

I Kekemapa, manaʻo manaʻo e pili ana i ʻAmelika ʻAmelika (LON: AAL)e lilo ana i pahu hopue ka hoʻokūkū a i ʻole kahi hui kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa i kau ʻia, ʻoiai e mau ana ka nāwaliwali o nā ʻāpana o ka miner diversified.

Inā ʻaʻole hoʻohuli ʻo Anglo ʻAmelika i nā hana a ke hoʻomau nei ke kumukūʻai o kāna ʻāpana, ʻōlelo ʻo Jefferies ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke "hōʻole i ka hiki ke komo ʻo Anglo i ke ʻano ākea o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka ʻoihana," e like me kā lākou noiʻi noiʻi.

I ʻOkakopa, ua koho ikaika ka poʻe kuleana o Newcrest Mining i ka ʻae ʻana i ke kumukūʻai kūʻai ma kahi o $17 biliona mai ka hui nui eli gula honua ʻo Newmont Corporation.

Hoʻolālā ʻo Newmont (NYSE: NEM) e hōʻiliʻili i $2 biliona kālā ma o kaʻu kūʻai aku a me nā divestments papahana ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana. Lawe mai ka loaʻa ʻana i ka waiwai o ka hui ma kahi o $50 biliona a hoʻohui i ʻelima mau mines ikaika a me ʻelua mau papahana holomua i ka waihona o Newmont.

ʻO nā haʻihaʻi a me nā spin-off kekahi ʻāpana nui o ka hoʻomohala ʻoihana 2023.

Ma hope o ka hōʻole ʻia ʻana i nā manawa he nui i kāna kauoha e kūʻai aku i nā kumuwaiwai Teck āpau, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o Glencore a me kāna hoa Iapana.e lawe mai i $9 biliona bia no ka hui lanahu o ka miner Kanadai kahi kokoke. Ua kūʻē ka Luna Nui ʻo Glencore ʻo Gary Nagle i ka hui holoʻokoʻa mai ke aupuni Liberal o Justin Trudeau a mai ke kuhina nui o British Columbia, kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ka hui.

ʻAʻole ʻimi ʻo Vale (NYSE: VALE) i mau hoa hou no kāna ʻāpana metala kumu ma hope o ke kūʻai ʻana i ke kaulike hou, akā hiki ke noʻonoʻo i kahiIPOno ka hui i loko o ʻekolu a ʻehā mau makahiki, ʻōlelo ʻo CEO Eduardo Bartolomeo i ʻOkakopa.

Ua kiʻi ʻo Vale i ka luna Anglo American Plc ma mua ʻo Mark Cutifani i ʻApelila e alakaʻi i kahi papa kūʻokoʻa e mālama i ka $ 26-billion copper and nickel unit i hana ʻia i Iulai i ka wā i kūʻai aku ai ka hui makua Brazilian i 10% i ke kālā Saudi Manara Minerals.

Ua piʻi aʻe nā ʻāpana o ke keleawe keleawe a me ke gula o Indonesia, ʻo PT Amman Mineral Internasional, ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻehā mau manawa mai ka papa inoa ʻana i Iulai a ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia e piʻi mau ma hope o kona komo ʻana i nā papa kuhikuhi mākeke nui i Nowemapa.

ʻO $715 miliona IPO ʻo Amman Mineral ka mea nui loa ma ka ʻoihana waiwai nui o Asia Hikina Hema i kēia makahiki a ua helu ʻia ma ka koi ikaika e nā kālā honua a me ka home.

ʻAʻole i holo maikaʻi nā hana a pau i kēia makahiki.

Ua hoʻolaha ʻia ma Iune, he $1 biliona metala e ka blank-cheque fund ACG Acquisition Co e loaʻa.he nikela Palakila a me ka lua keleawe-gulamai Appian Capital, ua hoʻopau ʻia i Kepakemapa.

Ua kākoʻo ʻia ka ʻaelike e Glencore, Chrysler makua Stellantis a me Volkswagen's Battery unit PowerCo ma o kahi hoʻopukapuka kaulike, akā i ka hāʻule ʻana o nā kumukūʻai nickel ua nele ka hoihoi mai nā mea hoʻopukapuka liʻiliʻi ma ke kahua o ka makana kaulike $300 miliona a ACG i hoʻolālā ai ma ke ʻano o ka ʻaelike.

Ua hāʻule nā ​​kamaʻilio ma 2022 no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mines ma hope o ka huki ʻana o ka mea noi ʻo Sibanye-Stillwater. ʻO kēlā kālepa i kēia manawa ke kumuhana onā hana pili kānāwaima hope o ka waiho ʻana o Appian i kahi koi $1.2 biliona e kūʻē i ka mea miner o ʻApelika Hema.

Nikela ihu

I ʻApelila, ʻo PT Trimegah Bangun Persada o Indonesia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka inoa ʻo Harita Nickel, ua hoʻāla ʻia he 10 trillion rupiah ($672 miliona) i ka manawa i hāʻawi mua ʻia i ka lehulehu o ka makahiki.

Ua lilo koke ka IPO o Harita Nickel i mea ʻawaʻawa no ka poʻe hoʻopukapuka kālā, akā naʻe, ʻoiai ua komo nā kumukūʻai no ka metala i kahi emi mau a lōʻihi. ʻO Nickel ka mea hana maikaʻi loa ma waena o nā metala kumu, kokoke i ka hapalua o ka waiwai ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ke kālepa 2023 ma luna o $30,000 hoʻokahi tonne.

ʻAʻole maikaʻi ka makahiki aʻe no ke keleawe a ka diabolo a me ka mea hana kiʻekiʻe ʻo Nornickel e wānana ana i ka hoʻonui nui ʻana ma muli o ka nele o ka koi ʻana mai nā kaʻa uila a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka lako mai Indonesia, e hele pū ana me kahi papa mānoanoa o ka cobalt:

“… ma muli o ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā mea i loko o ke kaulahao hāʻawi EV, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pākahi LFP non-nickel, a me kahi hoʻololi ʻana mai BEV a i PHEV kūʻai ma Kina. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻomau ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā mana nickel hou o Indonesia i ka wikiwiki.

PalladiumHe makahiki koʻikoʻi nō hoʻi ia, ma lalo o ka hapakolu o ka makahiki 2023 ʻoiai ka hoʻopiʻi hope ʻana mai nā haʻahaʻa makahiki he nui i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Dekemaba. Ua kūʻai hope ʻia ʻo Palladium ma $1,150 i hoʻokahi auneke.

Hoʻololi ʻo Kina i kāna ʻiʻo mineral koʻikoʻi

I Iulai ua hoʻolaha ʻo Kina e hoʻopaʻa i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana oʻelua metala pohihihi a koʻikoʻii ka piʻi ʻana o ke kaua kalepa ma ka ʻenehana me ʻAmelika a me ʻEulopa.

Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Beijing, pono e noi nā mea kūʻai aku no nā laikini mai ka ʻoihana kalepa inā makemake lākou e hoʻomaka a hoʻomau i ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka gallium a me ka germanium i waho o ka ʻāina a koi ʻia e hōʻike i nā kikoʻī o nā mea kūʻai aku ma waho a me kā lākou mau noi.

ʻO Kina ke kumu kiʻekiʻe loa o nā metala ʻelua - ʻo ia ka 94% o ka lako gallium a me 83% o ka germanium, e like me ka noiʻi ʻana o ka European Union e pili ana i nā mea waiwai koʻikoʻi i kēia makahiki. Loaʻa i nā metala ʻelua ka nui o nā hoʻohana loea ma waena o ka chipmaking, nā lako kamaʻilio a me ka pale.

I ʻOkakopa, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Kina e koi ana i nā palapala hoʻokuʻu aku no kekahi mau huahana graphite e pale aku i ka palekana aupuni. ʻO Kina ka mea hana graphite kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka honua. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻi ia ma mua o 90% o ka graphite o ka honua i loko o ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā anodes pākaukau EV a pau, ʻo ia ka ʻāpana i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia o kahi pākaukau.

ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIaUa ʻōlelo ka neʻe ʻana o Kina i ka pono o Wakinekona e hōʻoluʻolu i kāna kaʻina loiloi ʻae. Ma kahi kokoke i hoʻokahi hapakolu o ka graphite i hoʻopau ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa mai Kina, e like me ka Alliance for Automotive Innovation, e hōʻike ana i nā ʻoihana kaulahao kaʻa.

I Kekemapa, ua pāpā ʻo Beijing i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka ʻenehana no ka hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻokalakupua honua i ka Pōʻalima, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka pāpā ʻana i ka ʻenehana e unuhi a hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea koʻikoʻi.

He hui o 17 mau metala i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā mākēneki e hoʻololi i ka mana i neʻe no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaʻa uila, nā makani makani a me nā mea uila.

ʻOiai ke hoʻāʻo nei nā ʻāina Komohana e hoʻomaka i kā lākou ihonā hana hoʻoheheʻe honua rare, ua manaʻo ʻia ka pāpā e loaʻa ka hopena nui loa i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "heavy rare earths," i hoʻohana ʻia i nā kaʻa kaʻa uila, nā mea lapaʻau a me nā mea kaua, kahi i loaʻa ai i Kina ka monopoly virtual ma ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe.

Kumu:Frik Els | www.mining.com